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GENETIC ENGINEERING

Posted by Dhanshri Patil November 15, 2021

R-DNA technology Transgenic animals GMO's

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Amino acids
Biochem
Biomolecules
Biomolecules: proteins
Biotechnology
Molecular biology
R-DNA technology Transgenic animals GMO's
winogradsky column

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THE WINOGRADSKY COLUMN

In terms of Microbiology, the winogradsky column is considered an important tool. The columns were invented by Sergei Winogradsky as a way to enrich microbes from sediments and soils. Winogradsky columns are a method for essentially taking a snapshot of a sediment environment and studying the microbial communities that live there. It can be used to teach students about microbial communities, nutrient cycles, metabolic niches, methods in microbiology, and other interesting concepts. It is meant to be helpful to recreate an artificial ecological system. The column shows a succession of microorganisms as well as the enrichment of different bacteria. It is used to facilitate the growth of microorganisms, which in turn can be isolated and identified. A Winogradsky column can show shows various levels of growth (i.e., aerobic and anaerobic). The column improves the study of organisms in nature, rather than lab strains that are in sense. Scientists can view the succession and enrichment of

AMINO ACIDS-THE PROTEIN ARCHITECTURE

Don't you wonder what builds up such a long chain of polypeptides? How peptide bonds are formed? What is the basis of the classification of amino acids? Proteins are the polymer of amino acids and these amino acids are the building blocks or hypothetically we can say they are the architecture of proteins. The two neighboring amino acids are joined together covalently. After the removal of water (hydrolysis) peptide bond is formed. Do you know that asparagine was the first amino acid discovered and is extracted from Asparagus, Glutamate is isolated from wheat gluten, tyrosine was first obtained from cheese, and glycine was named so because of its sweet taste. All 20 amino acids share common structural features. The structure comprises an alpha carbon, Carboxyl group(acid group), amino group(basic group), and R-group which could be any hydrocarbon. The solubility of amino acids is influenced by the R- group due to the difference in structure, size, and electric charge they carry. Be

BIOMOLECULE: PROTEIN

We can continue asking the same question that, what type of organic compound do we gonna find in living organisms? To get an answer we must perform a chemical analysis. For that first, we can take a living tissue that can either be a piece of vegetable or liver and afterward grind it in trichloroacetic acid using mortar and pestle. We obtain a thick slurry and strain it through a cloth and obtain two fractions, filtrate (trichloroacetic acid-soluble) and retentate(acid-insoluble). This acid-soluble fraction contains most of the organic compounds. All the carbon compounds that we get from the solution are referred to as 'biomolecules'. Living organisms do contain inorganic compounds that can be extracted. For instance, take a dry leave, weigh it, and burn it the leftover ash contains all inorganic compounds(contains calcium, magnesium, etc.).The biomolecule can be further classified as macromolecules and micromolecule. The molecular weights range from 18 -800 Daltons (Da) in t

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